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1: Adhesion |
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| Causes: |
- Application ¡G
- Surface Preparation/Sanding Contaminants
- Excessive/Incorrect Additives
- Fast Dry
- Were there any oil based products (wipes, glazes) underneath that did not get dry enough? |
| Solutions: |
- Correct Application
- Sanding, Additive/Solvent Levels
- Avoid dry coats
- Ensure proper dry/cure of all coats
- Sand freshly prior to coating. |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Are the products being used compatible with each other?
- How long did the parts set between coats?
- Could the parts have been finished, polished or waxed and then recoated?
- If so, were they sanded before recoating?
- Were there any oil based products (wipes, glazes) underneath that did not get dry enough? |
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2: Air Entrapment |
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| Causes: |
- Fast Dry
- High Viscosity
- Excessive Agitation or Pumping
- Application
- Over-atomization |
| Solutions: |
- Slower Solvents
- Correct Agitation and Application
- Bubble Breaker |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- How strong is the air movement in the area where the parts are flashing off? Might be driving off the faster solvents and capping over the top surface layer of the coating.
- Are there any pumps or guns leaking around the sealed area?
- Are the open pore areas of the substrate being filled or sealed off well enough?
- How high is the air pressure on the spray equipment? |
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3: Benard Cells |
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| Causes: |
- Surface Tension Variations
- Excessive Application
- Solvents Used |
| Solutions: |
- Additives
- Correct Viscosity and Application
- Lower Applied Film Thickness
- Faster Dry |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- How strong is the air movement in the area where the parts are flashing off?
- How high is the air pressure on the spray equipment? |
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4: Blisters |
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| Causes: |
- Excessive or Premature Heat
- Slow Dry
- Application |
| Solutions: |
- Check/Correct Cure Process
- Check/Correct Application Parameters
- Faster Solvent/Cure |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- How strong is the air movement in the area where the parts are flashing off?
- How high is the air pressure on the spray equipment?
- Has the line speed changed, or has there been a change in finishing procedures?
- Has the oven temperature been checked? |
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5: Bloom/Haze |
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| Causes: |
- Incompatible Materials
- Incorrect Amounts of Additives
- Incorrect Amounts of Catalysts |
| Solutions: |
- Eliminate Incompatible Material
- Use uncontaminated, properly prepared and formulated paint |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Has the product been catalyzed correctly?
- Is the product in use virgin material or has it been decatalyzed in the past?
- What step in the finishing process did you first notice the bloom? |
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6: Blush |
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| Causes: |
- High Humidity
- Moisture Contamination
- Solvent Imbalance
- Incompatible Materials |
| Solutions: |
- Eliminate Moisture or Other Contaminants
- Add Suitable Slow Solvents
- Reduce Air Pressure |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- What is the temperature of the coating versus the ambient temperature?
- What is the humidity level in the spray and flash areas?
- Was the coating setting up too fast for the conditions it is being applied in?
- Are there any oil based products (wipes/glazes) under the product that did not dry properly before being coated over?
- What step in the finishing process did you first notice the blushing? |
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7: Bubbling |
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| Causes: |
- Dry Too Fast or Too Slow
- Excessive Application
- Air Leakage in Spray Gun or Hose
- Additives
- Substrate |
| Solutions: |
- Correct Substrate Temperature and Moisture Content
- Correct Dry, Viscosity and Application
- Additives
- Bubble Breaker
- Properly Maintain Spray Equipment and Hoses |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- How strong is the air movement in the area where the parts are flashing off?
- Are there any pumps or guns leaking around their sealed areas?
- Are there open pore areas of the substrate being filled or sealed off well enough?
- How high is the air pressure on the spray equipment?
- What step in the finishing process did you first notice the bubbling? |
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8: Cracking |
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| Causes: |
- Improper Cure
- Heavy Application
- Poor Inter-coat Adhesion |
| Solutions: |
- Correct Cure
- Correct Application
- Correct Adhesion
- Avoid Improper Catalyzation |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- How many coats of clears (sealers/topcoats) were applied? Can you estimate the number of total wet film mils applied?
- Where did the cracking occur? (Mostly on the tops indicates a heavier film build on top)
- Did the product go through wide temperature changes? (From warm plant to cold, unfinished home or warehouse. From a cold plant to a warm trailer for shipment to a warmer climate) |
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9: Craters |
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| Causes: |
- Contamination From Oil, Dirt, Gels, Moisture, Silicones, etc. |
| Solutions: |
- Eliminate Contamination
- Check Filtration
- Flow Additives
- Check for Hand Creams and Lubricants
- Contamination From Oil, Dirt, Gels, Moisture, Silicones, etc. |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Does anyone in the finishing area or sanding area use hand lotion (at home or work)?
- Have the regulators been drained to see if the lines have any water or oil in them?
- Have any guns or pumps been lubricated recently, if so, with what?
- Have the air make-up units had any maintenance done on them recently? Beware of aerosol lubricants. |
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10: Cure |
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| Causes: |
- Too Much/Too Little Catalyst
- Wrong Additives/Solvents
- Old Paint
- Incorrect Oven/Cure Conditions
- Ambient Humidity
- Temperature Variations
- Excessive Application |
| Solutions: |
- Correct Oven/Cure Conditions
- Use Fresh Properly Prepared Paint
- Use Correct Solvents
- Check Additives
- Correct Application |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Has there been a change in heat applied to the coatings?
- How many coats of sealer/topcoat were applied. Can you estimate the total number of wet mils applied?
- Is the material fresh, or recently produced?
- Has the material been properly agitated? |
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11: Dirt/Seeding |
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| Causes: |
- Contaminants
- Gels Flocculated Pigment
- Overspray
- Wrong Solvents
- Housekeeping |
| Solutions: |
- Eliminate Contaminants
- Check Filtration
- Line Flushing
- Housekeeping
- Increase Humidity
- Eliminate Static |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Has there been any cleaning/sweeping in the area?
- Have the exhaust fans recently been turned on?
- Has there been any change made to the finishing schedule?
- How old is the product being applied? |
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12: Discoloration |
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| Causes: |
- Iron Contamination
- Over Catalyzation
- Excess Heat/Vapors
- UV Exposure |
| Solutions: |
- Eliminate Contaminant
- Use Stainless Steel or Lined Containers and Fluid Lines
- Check Additives |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- If waterborne or catalyzed products are in use, have they come in contact with any iron?
- Has there been any other contamination from other metallic products (metallic driers, cobalt catalysts, etc.)?
- Has there been maintenance done on the equipment or lines leading to the finishing area? |
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13: Float |
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| Causes: |
- Surface Tension
- Pigments
- Heavy Application
- Slow Dry
- Overthinning |
| Solutions: |
- Correct Application and Additive Levels
- Faster Solvents
- Correct Viscosity
- Surfactant Additives |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Is the product fresh?
- Have proper thinning procedures been used?
- Have products been intermixed? |
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14: Flow/Orange Peel |
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| Causes: |
- Surface Tension
- Improper Solvents Added
- High Viscosity
- Fast Dry
- Hot Substrate/Cold Coating Material
- Improper Application
- Dry/Thin Coats
- Excessive Air Movement
- Low Humidity/High Temperatures
- Contaminants
- Telegraphed Substrate/Sealer Imperfections |
| Solutions: |
- Correct Application and Additive Levels
- Flow Additives
- Slow solvents/Adjust Viscosity Properly
- Wetter Coat
- Eliminate Contaminants
- Correct Substrate Preparation/Temperature
- Modify Ambient Conditions |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Have the products been left open?
- Has the viscosity been checked? Adjusted?
- Is the spray equipment operating properly? Is the atomization all right?
- Was the product cold before attempted use (sitting outside in cold weather)?
- Is a good, even wet coat being applied? 3-4 mils per coat?
- At what stage in the finishing process did you first notice the orange peel?
- Is the sanding sufficient between coats? |
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15: Lift |
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| Causes: |
- Undercured Coatings
- Incorrect Solvents
- Poor Adhesion |
| Solutions: |
- Check Cure Conditions/Ovens
- Coating Cure Response and Catalyzation
- Use Correct Solvents
- Use Fresh Paint |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Have there been any product changes made? Was one product substituted for another?
- At what stage in the finishing process is the product lifting¡Xback to the wood, at the stain, at the sealer, etc.?
- Has there been any change to the finishing schedule?
- Have the stains been properly wiped?
- Are there any airborne contaminants? |
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16: Off Color |
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| Causes: |
- Poor Agitation
- Incorrect Application/Amounts
- Substrate Preparation/Sanding |
| Solutions: |
- Ensure Proper Agitation/Recirculation
- Apply Correct Amounts
- Sand Thoroughly
- Poor Agitation
- Incorrect Application/Amounts
- Substrate Preparation/Sanding |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Have the products been agitated regularly?
- Is the product fresh?
- Has the product been uncovered for an extended period of time?
- Have products been intermixed? Have batches of the same product been intermixed? |
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17: Runs/Sags |
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| Causes: |
- Excessive or Incorrect Application
- Slow Dry
- Thin Viscosity
- Environmental Conditions Too Cold
- Substrate Contamination (oil/grease) |
| Solutions: |
- Correct Application Parameters
- Thinner Applied Film Thickness/Avoid Heavy Applications
- Faster Dry
- Proper Use of Solvents
- Proper Substrate Preparation |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- How much coating (wet mils) are being applied per coat? Especially vertical surfaces.
- Is the spray gun spraying an even pattern or is it heavier on one side of the spray pattern?
- Is the viscosity of the coating too low for the amount being applied? Has temperature affected the viscosity? |
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18: Scratches |
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| Causes: |
- Undercured Coatings
- Premature Handling
- Improper Sanding, Rubbing |
| Solutions: |
- Ensure Proper Cure and Finish Schedule
- Rub or Sand with Correct Grit |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- Have there been any changes in the finishing schedule¡Xhave the times been shortened between coatings?
- Has the proper sandpaper been used?
- Is the product being hand sanded or machine sanded?
- Has the proper amount of catalyst been used? |
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19: Settling |
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| Causes: |
- Over-Thinning
- Too Rapid Thinning
- Improper Solvents |
| Solutions: |
- Use Proper Thinning Techniques
- Use Proper Solvents |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- How old are the coatings?
- Have products been intermixed?
- Can the settled product be remixed in, or has the product settle too hard to use?
- Can an automatic mixer be used to agitate the product?
- Is the product being constantly stirred or mixed? |
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20: Skinning |
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| Causes: |
- Uncovered Paint Reservoir
- Excessive Air Movement
- Paint Age or Storage |
| Solutions: |
- Keep Paint Covered
- Minimize Head Space
- Minimize Age
- Minimize Drafts |
| Things to Consider: |
- Have any adds been made to the product? If so, what and how much?
- How old is the material?
- How many times has this particular container been used?
- Does the lid fit securely on the container?
- Is the product being constantly stirred or mixed? |
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